In Java, a class is a blueprint for creating objects (instances). It defines a data type by bundling data and methods that work on the data into one single unit. Here are the key features of a Java Foundation Classes In Bhopal: Java Foundation Classes In Bhopal? 1. Encapsulation Encapsulation is one of the core principles of object-oriented programming Learn java Programming in Bhopal. It involves wrapping the data (variables) and code (methods) that manipulate the data into a single unit, i.e., a class. Access to the data can be restricted using access modifiers (private, protected, public). 2. Attributes (Fields/Properties) • Attributes or fields are variables that represent the state of an object. These can be instance variables (unique to each object) or class variables (shared among all objects of the class). They are defined within the class but outside any method. 3. Methods • Methods define the behavior of the objects created from the class. They are functions defined inside the class that operate on the instance variables of the class. Methods can also return values and take parameters. 4. Constructors Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects. A constructor is called when an instance of a class is created. It can be used to set initial values for object attributes. Java coding Classes in Bhopal allows multiple constructors in a class, known as constructor overloading. 5. Inheritance • Inheritance allows a class to inherit fields and methods from another class. The class that inherits is called the subclass (child class), and the class being inherited from is the superclass (parent class). This feature promotes code reusability. 6. Polymorphism Polymorphism in Java allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class rather than their actual class. Programming or Language classes in Bhopal achieved through method overriding (runtime polymorphism) and method overloading (compile-time polymorphism). 7. Abstraction • Abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details from the user and only providing the essential features. In Java, abstraction is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces. 8. Static Members • Static fields and methods belong to the class rather than any instance. This means they can be accessed without creating an instance of the class. Static members are shared among all instances of the class. 9. Access Modifiers Access Modifiers in Java coaching in bhopal control the visibility of class members (fields, methods, constructors). The main access modifiers are: o public: The member is accessible from any other class. o private: The member is accessible only within the class it is defined. o protected: The member is accessible within the package and by subclasses. o default (no modifier): The member is accessible only within the package. 10. Nested Classes • Nested Classes are classes defined within another class. They can be static or non-static. Nested classes are used to logically group classes that are only used in one place, which increases encapsulation. 11. Final Keyword • Final can be applied to classes, methods, and variables. o A final class cannot be subclassed. o A final method cannot be overridden by subclasses. o A final variable cannot be modified once it has been assigned. 12. Object Creation • A class defines a new data type, and you can create objects of this type using the new keyword. Each object created from a class has its own separate set of instance variables and methods. 13. Interfaces • While not part of a class per se, Java allows classes to implement interfaces. An interface in Java is a reference type, similar to a class that can contain only constants, method signatures, default methods, static methods, and nested types. Interfaces provide a way to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java. 14. Inheritance of Object Class • In Java, all classes implicitly inherit from the Object class if no other parent class is specified. This makes the Object class the root of the class hierarchy. This inheritance provides essential methods like toString(), equals(), hashCode(), and clone(). 15. Annotations • Java classes can use annotations to provide metadata about the class, methods, or fields. Annotations can be used by the compiler or at runtime by the JVM or other frameworks. These features make Java coaching in bhopal powerful tools for creating complex and maintainable object-oriented software.
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