Parkinson’s Disease: Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic illnesses, affecting about 1% of people over the age of 60 and resulting in progressive disability that can be delayed but not prevented with treatment. The loss of pigmented dopamine neurons nigra pars compacta, as well as the development of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, are the two most common neuropathologic findings in Parkinson's disease. Risk factors: Parkinson disease is speculated to be caused by a mix of genetic predisposition and certain environmental variables, such as pesticide exposure or exposure to certain solvents, especially trichloroethylene. Despite the fact that Parkinson's disease is rarely hereditary, people with first-degree relatives who have the disease appear to be at a higher risk. In addition, mutations in the PRKN gene, which codes for the parkin protein, have been linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease (before the age of 40) and late-onset Parkinson's disease (after the age of 50). Non- Inherited variants of the disease have been linked to mutations in numerous additional genes. Parkinson disease usually strikes between the ages of 60 and 70, though it can strike as early as age 40 in roughly 5% to 10% of cases. The global prevalence of Parkinson's disease is believed to be around 160 per 100,000 people, with 16 to 19 new cases per 100,000 people being diagnosed each year. Men are slightly more impacted than women, and no ethnic disparities are found. Parkinson's disease usually starts with a little tremor in the thumb and fingers, known as "pill-rolling," and advances slowly over 10 to 20 years. Loss of facial expression, slowed swallowing, drooling, severe sadness, dementia, and paralysis are all common symptoms of advanced disease.
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